PRIKAZ/REVIEW Marko Attila Hoare, BOSANSKI MUSLIMANI U DRUGOM SVJETSKOM RATU, Vrijeme, Zenica 2019, 539 str.

The dramatic currents of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Balkans cannot be seen in a more comprehensive way, separate from the wider European / world context, geopolitical order, influence and consequences of the interesting logics of superpowers, models of de-Ottomanization and Balkanization. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was in a difficult position, pressured by numerous internal problems, exposed to external political pressures, conditions and wars. Crises and Ottoman military defeats in the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the "Great War" (1914-1918), along with the processes of de-Ottomanization and fragmentation of the territories in which they lived and the growth of divisions, disrupted the self-confidence of Muslims. Expulsions and mass exoduses of entire populations, especially Muslims, culminated in the Balkan wars. Bosniaks, as well as Muslims in the rest of "Ottoman Europe", found themselves in the ranks of several armies in the "Great War". Many Muslims from the Balkans, who arrived in the vast territory of the Empire in earlier times as refugees, also fought in the units of the Ottoman army. In that war it was defeated. On its remnants, a new state of Turkey (1923) was created after the Greco-Ottoman war (1919-1922).

The paper discusses the probate and the procedure of liquidation of debts, and the usurpation of peasant settlements of deceased Bakir-beg Tuzlic. The process of liquidation of debts was conducted before the District Sharia Court in Tuzla. Bakir-beg Tuzlic was the last descendant of the captain and bey family Tuzlic, who as a landowner played a significant role in the economic and political life of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Austro-Hungarian rule. This is a time with many temptations for the entire population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and especially for Bosniaks, who did not accept the fact that they fell under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. For this reason, a number of other problems arose. Bosniak landowners were particularly dissatisfied with their status, although they were politically privileged to some extent by the Austro-Hungarian authorities. The biggest problem, however, was the constant attack on their estates by the peasants, who sought the opportunity to occupy peasants and bays lands, to which the beys landowners opposed. Nevertheless, the process of buying and usurping the lands took place throughout the Austro-Hungarian administration, which greatly weakened the beys class economically. The attempt to economically stabilize the beys required taking loans that were unfavorable from the aspect of high interest rates, which additionally brought this class into an unenviable economic and political position. Such was the case with Bakir-beg Tuzlic, one of the largest landowners in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a representative of Bosniaks in political life during that period. Such a situation was especially visible, after his death in 1910, and the conduct of the procedure of liquidation of debts and redemption of the cift (land) of the deceased Bakir-beg Tuzlic. The stated debts and the decline of the property of Bakir-beg Tuzlic are a confirmation of the economic weakening and unsustainability of the landowner, bey class in the Austro-Hungarian period. After the death of Bakir-beg Tuzlic, his property and lands were decimated, which brought his heirs to an unenviable economic position and status.

PRIKAZ/REVIEW Prof. dr. Izet Šabotic, CIFCIJSKI ODNOSI I PROMJENA VLASNIŠTVA NAD ZEMLJOM U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI (1878-1918), Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla 2019, 320 str.

PRIKAZ/REVIEW Valerijan Žujo, DOKTOR KAREL BAYER, Nacionalna i Univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 2020, 178 str.

PRIKAZ/REVIEW Izet Šabotic, ŽIVOT, LJUDI I DOGAÐAJI: Tuzla na razmedu 19. i 20. stoljeca, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije, Tuzla 2019, 383 str.

PRIKAZ/REVIEW Senaid Hadžic, Adnan Velagic, BALKANSKA PRASKOZORJA: OD IDEJA DO UJEDINJENA. JUGOISTOCNA EVROPA U „DUGOM“ 19. STOLJECU (1790-1918), Mostar 2019, 490 str.

The forming process of the modern Bosniac families in Ljeskovik settlement started at the beginning of the 17th century, and lasted till the end of the 19th century. However, the whole process can be tracked down from the mid 19th century, covered with data collected during the first census in Bosnia from 1850/51, and according to the informations gethered from land books of the Srebrenica District from 1894 andfrom there onwards. The first census from 1850/51 considered only male population. From the data collected in 1850/51, there are seven families or surnames in Ljeskovik, and those are: Cauševic, Durakovic, Hodžic, Jahcic, (Bihacic), Kamramovic, Mahmudovic, Omerovic, and Tabakovic. By the end of the 19th century according to land books of the cadastral district of Ljeskovik, there are 43 surnames, or family names recorded: Aganovic, Avdic, Beširovic, Buljubašic, Demirovic, Derviševic, Džanic, Efendic, Halilovic, Hasanovic (Durakovic), Hasanovic (Vranjkovina), Hasic, Hodžic, Husic, Kreševljakovic, Mahmutovic, Malovic, Mandžic, Mehanovic, Mehmedovic, Memic, Mujcinovic, Mujic, Mujic (Mahmutovic), Mustafic, Mustafi (Katanic), Numanovic, Omerovic, Osmanovic, Salkic, Salihovic, Selimovic, Selmanagic, Sinanovic, Smajic (Omerovic), Smajlovic (Cauševic), Softic, Suljic, Špiodic, Tabakovic, Travnicanin, i Zukic. This work covers only families that use to live in Ljeskovik in the second half of the 19th century.

Among the major consenquences of the World War I, besides huge destructions and human casualties, disappearance of old empires (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Rusian and German) and emerge of new states in Europe under international influence can be mentioned. In December 1918 State of Croats, Serbs and Slovenians had united with Kingdom of Serbia and formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (later renamed in Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929). Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a part of this Kingdom, changed its political subjectivity in few phases which was a result of political processes and internal conflicts of Serbian, Croatian and other politicians. In this paper the focus is put on the Vidovdan Constitution, its promulgation with special review of Article Nr. 135 of this Constitution also known as Turkish Article. This Article managed to preserve teritorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians until 1924. when, according to the other provisions of the Constitution, the process of govermnent establishing had finished and the new centralised governing sistem came into power.

In the first years of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SHS), the educational situation in Herzegovina was very bad. The low level of literacy (in some areas over 90%) and the small number of educational institutions, gave a negative picture, which was further complicated by the incompetence and slowness of the state administration. From the mid-1920s, the situation began to change. The construction of schools and literacy through course teaching were significant, but still insufficient steps to solve all the accumulated problems in this area. Based on unpublished sources and relevant literature, the paper discusses the state of the school system in Herzegovina, during the first period of monarchist Yugoslavia (1918-1929).

The paper treats one important issue for Montenegrin historiography, which refers to the Montenegrin emigration and its activities in Constantinople, after the death of King Nikola in 1921. Based on hitherto unpublished historical sources, the paper presents numerous details related to the activities of the Montenegrin emigration, which was relocated to Italy until the death of King Nikola, and after that the largest number of emigrants moved to Constantinople. These are political emigrants who did not accept the loss of independence of Montenegro, after the Pogorica Assembly in 1918, and did not agree with the policy of the new state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In this regard, the paper presents very interesting and diverse activities of Montenegrin emigration, and gives a clear picture of their commitment to Montenegro, its statehood and independence, and through their political activities and life in Constantinople.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was a distinctly agrarian country before World War II. As many as 84.10% of the population lived from agriculture, forestry and fishing. From industry, mining and crafts, 6.70% lived, trade, loans and traffic 3.10%, public services, the liberal professions and the military 3.60%, and other occupations 2.50% population. In World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered enormous human and material losses. The economy was almost completely destroyed. During the war, 130 major industrial enterprises and 24 mines, 95 sawmills that had 209 gaters were destroyed or damaged, and almost all traffic communications. Most of the agricultural inventory was destroyed and the livestock stock reduced by more than 70%. The school buildings were also spared no destruction. As many as 904, out of 1,043 school buildings, were destroyed and ineligible for teaching. Economic goods destroyed and exploited all military formations, but most of all the German and Italian armies.

Addressing the issue of the state policy of separating the "loyal" from the "disloyal" priests of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1945 to 1963 is one of the most neglected issues in Bosnia and Herzegovinas historiography. In this paper, based on unpublished historical sources and available literature, the author contextualises the political circumstances of the state policy of differentiation of the "positive" from the "reactionary" priests of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina, pointing to the motives and policy-makers of such a policy, and analyses its manifestation and effects. Furthermore, the author separately analyses the causes, motives and flow of the policy of granting state honours and decorations to individual priests in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Cultural and educational work after the Second World War in northeastern Bosnia, in addition to cultural, educational and artistic societies, took place in various cultural institutions, where cultural centers and public universities stand out. The houses of culture, in cooperation with societies, universities and various cultural and educational sections, organized events, lectures and various cultural and educational contents. Their importance was especially pronounced in the smaller rural areas of northeastern Bosnia, where they were the center of cultural and educational work. Peoples universities, as cultural and educational institutions, were supposed to nurture scientific and lecturing work, and to politically enlighten the population of urban and rural areas of northeastern Bosnia through various lectures. In essence, public universities were public schools in which ideologically appropriate lectures with various topics were mostly held and they played a significant role in the creation of a socialist society. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point out the role and importance of the establishment of these cultural and educational institutions in northeastern Bosnia, and their overall contribution to the cultural and educational awareness of the population of northeastern Bosnia.

There are few scientific papers or books written about the establishment and activities of the Cultural Society of Bosniaks (Muslims) "Preporod" in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1945-1949. There are almost no relevant published research on this topic in the historiography of Bosnia and Herzegovina so far. The author explains, based on the primary historical sources, the establishment and initial activities of Preporod’s local committee (board) in Osijek (Croatia) during the first half of 1946. This committee was one of three Preporods commitees located outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina

In this paper, the author emphasizes the specific case of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian intraparty dispute in the context of the reconstruction of the republican leaderships in Yugoslavia, the change of “Croatian Spring participants” and “liberals” as well as the so-called “senior cadres” at the beginning of 1970s. Pasaga Mandzics years-long dispute with the current political leadership in Tuzla and also in the Republic will touch upon various issues, from plans and results of economic and urban development, integration of enterprises, organization and activities of political and party leadership to establishing the "historical truth" about the events throughout the war years 1941 and 1942. Considering the current socio-political discourse, Mandzic will come out very boldly, demanding that it is finally time to "speak openly" about the actual war events, the consequences of Partisan-Chetnik cooperation at the end of 1941, the dominance of the Serb element in the communist leadership and its attitude towards the Bosniaks during the war, but also in the post-war period. The insistence on establishing the "real truth" entailed a revision of the existing image of a "glorious war past", which also raised the question of consistent application of the principles of brotherhood and unity. Ultimately, years of clarification resulted in the political elimination and moral discredit of Pasaga Mandzic.

Among the numerous open questions of contemporary historiography regarding the breakdown of Yugoslavia and its consequences, the issues connected to the post-Yugoslav wars still cause the most disputes. Even in the case of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, waged from 1992 to 1995, all of the important questions concerning its causes, character and consequences, are still considered open, whereby the dubious interpretative discourses are often constructed on the basis of an approach which is founded on the narrowing of the jointly observed historical phenomena. The attempts to construct and legitimize the corresponding particular interpretations of the character of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a narrow and selective approach applied in the identifications of the warring sides and their mutual relations are not rare. In such situations the most reliable methodological approach in the framework of historical science is to return the focus from the level of interpretation to the historical sources, their analysis, determining the authenticity and relevance for the collection of issues in question. In this work we will dedicate our attention to the directives of the Main Headquarters and the High Command of the Army of Republic of Srpska issued during 1992-1995 in those parts in which these documents perform the identification and determination of the enemy.

PRIKAZ/REVIEW Salih Jalimam, KULIN. VELIKI BAN BOSNE, Udruženje za zaštitu intelektualnih i kulturnih vrijednosti „Zenica“ Zenica 2019, 249 str.

IZVJEŠTAJ/CONFERENCE REPORT Izvještaj sa Medunarodne naucne konferencije “MIGRACIJE I NJIHOV UTICAJ NA DRUŠTVENA I PRIVREDNA KRETANJA NA ŠIREM PODRUCJU BRCKOG OD POCETKA XVII DO KRAJA XX STOLJECA”, Brcko, 13. i 14. septembar 2019. godine

Abstinence is a conscious and voluntary waiver of one original political right, the right to vote. Often, the very act of abstinence is understood as a kind of election, as an expression of disagreement with political alternatives, candidates and parties participating in the elections. Abstinence is close to the notion of apolitical, that is the disinterest and indifference of citizens, of individuals and groups to politics and participation in the political life of the community. The paper analyzes the difference between abstinence in elections and apoliticality and attempts to point to the problem of increasing abstinence from voting in general elections in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the circle of countries of the Romano-Germanic legal system, and whose roots go back to the time of the ancient Roman leges regiae. In this paper, we present the concept of the development of inheritance law from the original institutes, which over time became very inefficient. Thus, the original agnatic kinship, which was the main reason for inheriting and constituting legal inheritance orders, was upgraded with cognate kinship even in the period of the development of part-time law. At the same time, both types of kinship existed in parallel, so that the final cognate kinship in the last phase of the development of law would be the only type of kinship that was relevant in inheritance-legal relations. Over time, Roman citizens put pressure on the authorities to enact regulations that would replace inefficient institutions of inheritance law with more efficient and socially acceptable ones. How the authorities in ancient Rome dealt with the legal illogicalities and inefficient institutes by replacing them with more efficient ones is shown in the paper before you.

IZVJEŠTAJ/CONFERENCE REPORT Izvještaj sa Medunarodne naucne konferencije “PRAVNE I POLITICKE POSLJEDICE DEKLARACIJE O PROGLAŠENJU REPUBLIKE SRPSKOG NARODA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE 9. JANUARA 1992. GODINE“, Gradska vijecnica u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 8. i 9. januar 2020. godine